多 AS 联邦 BGP 跨域组网与路由聚合综合实验

第一步规划全网 IP 地址一、梳理需求1.环回口规划AR1AS1LoopBack010.0.0.0/24 需宣告AR1 LoopBack1192.168.1.0/24 禁止任何协议宣告AR8AS3LoopBack011.0.0.0/24 需宣告AR8 LoopBack1192.168.2.0/24 禁止任何协议宣告 要求两个 192.168 私网段不通告但自身能互通。2.AS2 整体网段172.16.0.0/16拆分给 AS2 内两台子 AS64512、64513AS64512AR2、AR3、AR4分配 172.16.0.0/20AS64513AR5、AR6、AR7分配 172.16.16.0/20 骨干互联链路全部从这两段里取 / 30 子网点到点链路标准掩码3.AS 间互联链路AR1-AR2、AR7-AR8自定义网段AR1 GE0/0/0 ↔ AR2 GE0/0/0100.0.1.0/30AR7 GE0/0/2 ↔ AR8 GE0/0/0100.0.2.0/30二、分配互联链路 IP1AS 间链路AR1 GE0/0/0100.0.1.1/30AR2 GE0/0/0100.0.1.2/30AR7 GE0/0/2100.0.2.1/30AR8 GE0/0/0100.0.2.2/302AS64512172.16.0.0/20内部链路AR2 GE0/0/1 ↔ AR3 GE0/0/0172.16.0.0/30 AR2:172.16.0.1 AR3:172.16.0.2AR3 GE0/0/1 ↔ AR4 GE0/0/0172.16.0.4/30 AR3:172.16.0.5 AR4:172.16.0.6AR2 GE0/0/2 ↔ AR5 GE0/0/0172.16.0.8/30 AR2:172.16.0.9 AR5:172.16.0.10AR4 GE0/0/1 ↔ AR7 GE0/0/1172.16.0.12/30 AR4:172.16.0.13 AR7:172.16.0.143AS64513172.16.16.0/20内部链路AR5 GE0/0/1 ↔ AR6 GE0/0/0172.16.16.0/30 AR5:172.16.16.1 AR6:172.16.16.2AR6 GE0/0/1 ↔ AR7 GE0/0/0172.16.16.4/30 AR6:172.16.16.5 AR7:172.16.16.6三、环回口统一分配用于 BGP 建立 IBGP 邻居AS2 内所有路由器环回 0IBGP 更新源AR2 LoopBack0172.16.0.100/32AR3 LoopBack0172.16.0.101/32AR4 LoopBack0172.16.0.102/32AR5 LoopBack0172.16.16.100/32AR6 LoopBack0172.16.16.101/32AR7 LoopBack0172.16.16.102/32第二步所有设备基础接口、环回口完整配置前置环回 0 为 32 位掩码用于 IBGP 邻居建立业务环回为 / 24192.168.1.0/24、192.168.2.0/24 仅本地配置不宣告进任何 IGP/BGP每台配完后用display ip interface brief核对接口 UP、地址正确1. AR1AS1sysname AR1 # 业务环回 interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.0.1 24 interface LoopBack1 ip address 192.168.1.1 24 # 外联接口 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 100.0.1.1 302. AR2AS64512sysname AR2 # IBGP环回 interface LoopBack0 ip address 172.16.0.100 32 # 接口 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 100.0.1.2 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 172.16.0.1 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 ip address 172.16.0.9 303. AR3AS64512sysname AR3 interface LoopBack0 ip address 172.16.0.101 32 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 172.16.0.2 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 172.16.0.5 304. AR4AS64512sysname AR4 interface LoopBack0 ip address 172.16.0.102 32 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 172.16.0.6 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 172.16.0.13 305. AR5AS64513sysname AR5 interface LoopBack0 ip address 172.16.16.100 32 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 172.16.0.10 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 172.16.16.1 306. AR6AS64513sysname AR6 interface LoopBack0 ip address 172.16.16.101 32 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 172.16.16.2 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 172.16.16.5 307. AR7AS64513sysname AR7 interface LoopBack0 ip address 172.16.16.102 32 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 172.16.16.6 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 172.16.0.14 30 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 ip address 100.0.2.1 308. AR8AS3sysname AR8 # 业务环回 interface LoopBack0 ip address 11.0.0.1 24 interface LoopBack1 ip address 192.168.2.1 24 # 外联接口 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 100.0.2.2 30第三步AS2 内部部署双 OSPF 进程AS64512 用 OSPF 1AS64513 用 OSPF 2需求说明AS2 整体网段172.16.0.0/16分两个 OSPF 域仅宣告骨干互联 环回 0IBGP 用的 32 位环回不宣告192.168.1.0/24、192.168.2.0/24符合题目要求环回口配置loopback-stub-net保证 32 位路由传递两台 OSPF 边界设备 AR2、AR7 互相引入对方 OSPF 进程路由实现 AS2 全网互通1. AR2ospf 1 router-id 172.16.0.100 loopback-stub-net area 0 network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 network 172.16.0.100 0.0.0.0 # 引入OSPF2路由打通上下两个子AS import-route ospf 22. AR3ospf 1 router-id 172.16.0.101 loopback-stub-net area 0 network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 network 172.16.0.101 0.0.0.03. AR4ospf 1 router-id 172.16.0.102 loopback-stub-net area 0 network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 network 172.16.0.102 0.0.0.04. AR5ospf 2 router-id 172.16.16.100 loopback-stub-net area 0 network 172.16.16.0 0.0.31.255 network 172.16.16.100 0.0.0.05. AR6ospf 2 router-id 172.16.16.101 loopback-stub-net area 0 network 172.16.16.0 0.0.31.255 network 172.16.16.101 0.0.0.06. AR7ospf 2 router-id 172.16.16.102 loopback-stub-net area 0 network 172.16.16.0 0.0.31.255 network 172.16.16.102 0.0.0.0 # 引入OSPF1路由打通上下两个子AS import-route ospf 1AR2 ping AR7 环回 0172.16.16.102、AR7 ping AR2 环回 0172.16.0.100能通代表双 OSPF 互通正常第四步BGP 整体配置分三部分EBGP、IBGP、路由宣告、路由聚合防环路整体规划说明AS 号AS1AR1 独立 ASAS64512AR2/AR3/AR4AS64513AR5/AR6/AR7AS3AR8 独立 ASEBGP 邻居直连接口 IP 建立AR1 ↔ AR2AR7 ↔ AR8IBGP 邻居用环回 0 建立更新源为本机 LoopBack0全互联 IBGP保证全网路由可达路由宣告规则AR1 宣告10.0.0.0/24不宣告 192.168.1.0/24AR8 宣告11.0.0.0/24不宣告 192.168.2.0/24AS2 边界 AR2、AR7 分别聚合172.16.0.0/16对外发布减少路由条目防环机制IBGP 水平分割、EBGP AS 号防环、聚合路由抑制明细路由AR1AS1BGP 配置bgp 1 router-id 10.0.0.1 # EBGP邻居AR2 peer 100.0.1.2 as-number 64512 # 宣告业务环回 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0AR2AS64512BGP 配置bgp 64512 router-id 172.16.0.100 # EBGP邻居AR1 peer 100.0.1.1 as-number 1 # IBGP全互联 peer 172.16.0.101 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.102 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.16.100 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.101 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.102 as-number 64513 # IBGP使用环回建邻居指定更新源 peer 172.16.0.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 # 聚合AS2全部网段抑制明细减少路由条目 aggregate 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 detail-suppressed # 引入OSPF内部路由保证IBGP互通 import-route ospf 1AR3AS64512BGP 配置bgp 64512 router-id 172.16.0.101 # IBGP全互联 peer 172.16.0.100 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.102 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.16.100 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.101 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.102 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 import-route ospf 1AR4AS64512BGP 配置bgp 64512 router-id 172.16.0.102 # IBGP全互联 peer 172.16.0.100 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.101 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.16.100 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.101 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.102 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 import-route ospf 1AR5AS64513BGP 配置bgp 64513 router-id 172.16.16.100 # IBGP全互联 peer 172.16.0.100 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.101 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.102 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.16.101 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.102 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 import-route ospf 2AR6AS64513BGP 配置bgp 64513 router-id 172.16.16.101 # IBGP全互联 peer 172.16.0.100 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.101 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.102 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.16.100 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.102 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 import-route ospf 2AR7AS64513BGP 配置bgp 64513 router-id 172.16.16.102 # EBGP邻居AR8 peer 100.0.2.2 as-number 3 # IBGP全互联 peer 172.16.0.100 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.101 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.102 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.16.100 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.16.101 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.0.102 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.100 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 172.16.16.101 connect-interface LoopBack0 # 聚合AS2全部网段抑制明细减少路由条目 aggregate 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 detail-suppressed import-route ospf 2AR8AS3BGP 配置bgp 3 router-id 11.0.0.1 # EBGP邻居AR7 peer 100.0.2.1 as-number 64513 # 宣告业务环回 network 11.0.0.0 255.255.255.0跨 AS 连通测试AR1 ping AR8 环回 011.0.0.1、AR8 ping AR1 环回 010.0.0.1第五步全网实验最终验收校验分层验证标准1.私有环回网段约束校验需求192.168.1.0/24、192.168.2.0/24 仅本机可 ping 通不发布进 OSPF、BGP 任何路由协议全网其他设备无法访问。验证命令# AR1自测 ping 192.168.1.1 # AR1访问对端私有环回必然不通 ping 11.0.0.1 ping 192.168.2.1 # AR8自测 ping 192.168.2.1 # AR8访问对端私有环回必然不通 ping 10.0.0.1 ping 192.168.1.1合格判定本机 ping 自身环回 0 丢包跨设备私有网段全部超时无回复。2. 业务骨干网段全网互通校验需求AR1 业务网段 10.0.0.0/24、AR8 业务网段 11.0.0.0/24、AS2 聚合网段 172.16.0.0/16 全网任意设备互通。必测命令# 跨AS核心连通测试 AR1 ping 11.0.0.1 AR8 ping 10.0.0.1 # 跨子AS环回互通测试 AR1 ping 172.16.16.102 AR8 ping 172.16.0.100 AR3 ping 172.16.16.100合格判定全部 ping 通0% 丢包。BGP 路由条目优化校验题目要求减少路由条目display bgp routing-table